Mulleres na Lexicografía / Women in Lexicography

Natalia Yulievna Shvedova (Ruso/ Russian: Ната́лия Ю́льевна Шве́дова)

Ruso/ Russian

25 de decembro de 1916, Moscova (Rusia) – 18 de setembro de 2009, Moscova / December 25, 1916, Moscow (Russia) — September 18, 2009, Moscow

GAL Natalia terminou os seus estudos no departamento de Tradución da Escola Rexional Superior de Linguas Estranxeiras de Moscova en 1935, especializándose en inglés. En 1940 licenciouse na Facultade de Lingua e Literatura do Instituto Pedagóxico Estatal de Moscova. De 1940 a 1944 traballou como profesora titular no Instituto de Profesores de Mordovia e no Instituto Pedagóxico Estatal de Mordovia, incluso durante a guerra na ASSR de Mordovia de Temnikov. En 1946 completou os seus estudos de posgrao baixo a dirección do académico V. V. Vinogradov e defendeu a súa tese de doutoramento sobre "A aparición e o desenvolvemento do uso predicativo dos adxectivos plenos na lingua rusa". Simultaneamente, comezou a traballar no Instituto da Lingua Rusa da Academia de Ciencias da URSS, que se fusionou co Instituto de Lingüística durante varios anos. En 1958 defendeu a súa tese de doutoramento sobre a "Sintaxe da fala coloquial rusa e a estrutura dunha oración simple". De 1962 a 1972 impartiu un curso teórico sobre "Sintaxe da lingua rusa" e organizou seminarios na Facultade de Filoloxía da Universidade Estatal de Moscova. Foi nomeada catedrática en 1964. No Instituto da Lingua Rusa ocupou varios cargos, entre eles o de investigadora júnior e sénior. De 1961 a 1989, foi xefa da área de linguaxe literaria, que se transformou na área de gramática e historia da lingua literaria rusa en 1970, e no Departamento de Gramática e Lexicología da lingua rusa moderna en 1986. O 26 de decembro de 1984 foi elexida membro da Academia de Ciencias da URSS no Departamento de Literatura e Lengua (posteriormente, membro da Academia Rusa de Ciencias dende 1991). O 29 de maio de 1997 foi nomeada Académica da Academia Rusa das Ciencias. Tamén foi membro do consello editorial da revista "Izvestia RAS. Serie Literatura e Linguas". Nos seus últimos anos, dirixiu a destacada escola científica centrada na "Descrición estrutural e funcional da lingua rusa relativa á interacción da estrutura gramatical e léxica, a semántica gramatical e léxica e as leis do texto", creada por V. V. Vinogradov. ENG Natalia completed her studies in the Translation department of the Moscow Regional College of Foreign Languages in 1935, specializing in English. In 1940, she graduated from the Faculty of Language and Literature at the Moscow State Pedagogical Institute. She worked as a senior lecturer at the Mordovian Teachers' Institute and the Mordovian State Pedagogical Institute from 1940 to 1944, including during the war in Temnikov Mordovian ASSR. In 1946, she completed her postgraduate studies under the guidance of Academician V. V. Vinogradov and defended her PhD thesis on "The emergence and development of the predicative use of full adjectives in the Russian language". Simultaneously, she began her tenure at the Institute of the Russian Language of the USSR Academy of Sciences, which merged with the Institute of Linguistics in various years. In 1958, she defended her doctoral dissertation on the "Syntax of Russian colloquial speech and the structure of a simple sentence". From 1962 to 1972, she taught a theoretical course on the "Syntax of the Russian language" and conducted seminars at the Faculty of Philology at Moscow State University. She became a professor in 1964. Within the Russian Language Institute, she held several positions, including junior and senior researcher. From 1961 to 1989, she was the head of the literary language sector, which transformed into the sector of grammar and history of the Russian literary language in 1970, and the Department of Grammar and Lexicology of the modern Russian language in 1986. On December 26, 1984, she was elected as a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences in the Department of Literature and Language (later Corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences since 1991). On May 29, 1997, she became an academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences. She also served as a member of the editorial board of the journal "Izvestia RAS. Literature and Language Series". In her later years, she led the prominent scientific school focused on the "Structural and functional description of the Russian language concerning the interaction of grammatical and lexical structure, grammatical and lexical semantics, and the laws of the text," established by V. V. Vinogradov.

GAL En 1964, Natalia dedicouse a completar e revisar un dos dicionarios rusos máis coñecidos e utilizados: o "Словарь русского языка" [Dicionario da lingua rusa] nun só volume. Dende 1992, este dicionario publícase baixo a autoría de Ozhegov e Shvedova. Nos últimos anos, Natalia e os seus alumnos tamén colaboraron no dicionario ideográfico ruso "Мир человека и человек в окружающем его мире" [O mundo do home e o home na súa contorna], que describe a visión do mundo reflexada na linguaxe. Dende 2003, é redactora xefe da publicación creada polo equipo da autora, baseada no concepto teórico desenvolvido por ela. Baixo a dirección de Natalia iniciouse o "Русский семантический словарь" [Dicionario semántico ruso] (vol. I-II, 1998-2000), unha obra colectiva en varios volumes sen parangón na lexicografía rusa, que contou co apoio da Fundación Rusa para a Investigación Fundamental. Este dicionario introduciu, por primeira vez diferentes clases de palabras, el sistema de vocabulario común del ruso moderno. ENG In 1964, Natalia engaged in the supplementation and revision of one of the most renowned and widely used Russian dictionaries - the single-volume "Словарь русского языка" [Dictionary of the Russian Language]. Since 1992, this dictionary has been published under the authorship of Ozhegov and Shvedova. In recent years, Natalia and her students have also collaborated on the Russian ideographic dictionary "Мир человека и человек в окружающем его мире" [The World of Man and Man in His Surroundings], describing the worldview reflected in language. Since 2003, she has served as the editor-in-chief of the publication created by the author's team, based on the theoretical concept she developed. The "Русский семантический словарь" [Russian Semantic Dictionary] (vol. I-II, 1998-2000), a multi-volume collective work with no counterparts in Russian lexicography, was initiated under the guidance of Natalia, supported by the Russian Foundation for Fundamental Research. This dictionary introduced, for the first time different word classes, the system of modern Russian common vocabulary.

Ожегов, С. И., & Шведова, Н. Ю. (1999). Толковый словарь русского языка [Ozhegov, S. I., & Shvedova, N. Y. (1999). [Dicionario explicativo da lingua rusa]. As entradas inclúen lemas, terminacións flexivas de formas plurais (para substantivos), definicións, exemplos de derivación e sinónimos (véxase extractos de obras). ENG Ожегов, С. И., & Шведова, Н. Ю. (1999). Толковый словарь русского языка [Ozhegov, S. I., & Shvedova, N. Y. (1999). [Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language]. Entries include lemmas, inflectional endings for plural forms (for nouns), definitions, derivational samples and synonyms (see excerpt).

GAL 1978 - medalla de prata da Universidade Jan Evangelista Purkine de Brno (Checoslovaquia); 1982 - Premio Estatal da URSS, como autor e redactor xefe da obra académica "Gramática rusa". (volumes 1–2, 1980); 1986 – Orde da Amizade dos Pobos; 1990 – Premio Pushkin da Academia das Ciencias da URSS; 2002 – Orde da Amizade; 2009 – Medalla de ouro Dal da Academia Rusa das Ciencias. ENG 1978 - silver medal of the University of Jan Evangelista Purkine in Brno (Czechoslovakia); 1982 - State Prize of the USSR, as the author and editor-in-chief of the academic "Russian Grammar" (volumes 1–2, 1980); 1986 – Order of Friendship of Peoples; 1990 – Pushkin Prize of the USSR Academy of Sciences; 2002 – Order of Friendship; 2009 – the Dal gold medal of Russian Academy of Sciences.

Foto/ photo: Natalia Shvedova. (2023). En Wikipedia. / Natalia Shvedova. (2023). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Natalia_Shvedova&oldid=1132618255

Akerke Yessenali

Lola Mosquera